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全文字数：1765字
阅读时间：15分钟
上期划线句答案
As Angrist put it, there needs to be “a clear separation between the subjects of a peer effects investigation and the peers who provide the mechanism for causal effects on these subjects.”
正如安格里斯特所说，需要“明确区分同群效应调查的对象，和为这些对象提供因果效应机制的同伴”。
注：即区分被同群效应影响的人和引起同群效应（引领潮流）的人
本期内容
双语阅读
Do you ever feel like everyone on social media has a more extreme viewpoint than your own? We often blame social media companies for thecacophonyof politically extreme opinions around us. But my colleagues and I have conducted research that suggests these platforms’ users share some of the responsibility. Until recently, researchers believed that the main principle involved in how we select our social ties has been what the ancient Greeks calledhomophily, or love of the similar.
你是否曾觉得社交媒体上的每个人都比你的观点更极端？我们经常指责社交媒体公司造成了我们周围政治极端观点的不和谐。但我和我的同事进行的研究表明，这些平台的用户也负有部分责任。在不久之前，研究人员还一直认为，涉及我们如何选择社会关系的主要原则是古希腊人所说的同质性，或相似之爱。
Political homophily—love of those who are politically similar—is one of the strongest and best-documented phenomena in social science. It influences how we choose the city we live in, our schools, our partners, our hobbies and even our music. Homophily leads to political segregation, which in turn intensifies hostility and polarization. But homophily is not the only driver of this segregation. In our research, we found that people are not only attracted by those who are politically similar but also attracted by those who hold more politically extreme versions of their views. This tendency is called acrophily, or love of extremes.
政治上的同质性——喜欢那些在政治上有相似之处的人——是社会科学中最有力、考证最充分的现象之一。它影响着我们各种选择的方式：我们居住的城市、学校、伴侣、爱好甚至是音乐。同质性导致政治隔离，而政治隔离反过来又加剧了敌对和两极分化。但同质性并不是造成政治隔离的唯一原因。在我们的研究中，我们发现人们不仅会被那些政治观点相似的人所吸引，也会被那些在政治上持更极端观点的人所吸引。这种倾向被称为极端偏好，或爱走极端。
Many factors may drive attraction to extremity. Individuals who hold zealous or intensely felt views may provide us with sharper arguments for the next online political discussion or Thanksgiving dinner debate. In addition, people who are more extreme may be morevocaland seem more coherent—that is, they have opinions across a range of issues that are more consistently aligned with a single political ideology. Those traits can be attractive.
很多因素都可能导致人们被极端吸引。那些持有狂热或强烈情绪观点的人可能会在下一次网上政治讨论或感恩节晚餐辩论中为我们提供更为尖锐的观点。此外，更极端的人可能更大声地表达自己，似乎更条理连贯——也就是说，他们在一系列问题上的观点会与某一种政治意识形态形成更一致的统一。这些特质可能很有吸引力。
We have found an additional pattern that could help explain political acrophily. In one of our studies, we asked people to identify the viewpoints that they believed were most typical of their political group. The participants with a greater tendency to prefer extreme social ties also tended to think that the typical member of their political group was much more extreme than themselves. These participants may be attracted to extremes because they believe those intense viewpoints are more representative of their political group overall.
我们还发现另一种模式也有助于解释政治极端行为。在我们的一项研究中，我们要求人们指出他们认为政治团体中最有代表性的观点。更倾向于选择极端社会关系的参与者也往往认为他们的政治团体中代表性成员比自己更极端。这些参与者可能会被极端的观点所吸引，因为他们认为这些强烈的观点更能代表他们的政治群体。
These findings suggest that correcting people’s biased impressions about their own political leanings might help reduce acrophily. In the big picture, we know that the most extreme members of a given group are unlikely to reflect the “average” perspective within that community. Yet some people in our study genuinely believed thatto be the case. Helping people make more accurate evaluations of their group could therefore reduce acrophily and inform how individuals shape their views. If we are exposed to less extreme views in our social environment, our ideas may also become less extreme, which could reduce further political segregation and polarization.
这些发现表明，纠正人们对自己政治倾向性的偏见印象可能有助于减少政治极端行为。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~因此，帮助人们更准确地对集体进行评估有助于减少政治极端行为，而且可以让他们知道如何形成自己的观点。如果我们在社会环境中接触到的是相对不太极端的观点，我们自己的想法可能也会变得不那么极端，这可能会减少进一步的政治隔离和两极分化情况。
本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）
发布时间：2023.04.19
作者：Amit Goldenberg
原文标题：Extreme Views Are More Attractive Than Moderate Ones
词汇积累
1. cacophony
/kəˈkɒfənɪ/
n.刺耳的音调；不和谐音
2.homophily
/ˌhəumə’fili/
n. 同质性
3. vocal
/ˈvəʊkəl/
adj. 嗓音的，发声的，歌唱的; 直言不讳的，大声表达的
n. (乐曲中的)歌唱部分，声乐部分
词组搭配
1.to be the case 事实如此
写作句总结
Many factors may drive attraction to extremity.
结构：Many factors may drive attraction to ….
很多因素都可能导致人们被…吸引。
例句：Many factors may drive attraction to gossips.
阅读理解题
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Social media users share some responsibility for the prevalence of extreme political opinions.
B. Political homophily is one of the strongest and best-documented phenomena in social science.
C. Homophily is the only driver of political segregation.
D. People are attracted to those who hold more politically extreme versions of their views.
C
打卡作业
在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~
外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。
（戳码回复“J88”）
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